Verb conjugation is a method of changing verbs from their infinitive forms. The changes, usually done through endings and auxiliary words, express grammatical categories related to the action or state being described, such as person, number, tense, aspect and mode. Verbs are divided into a number of classes according to their form of conjugation and may be assigned model patterns to help to create the correct forms.
There are simple verb forms (e.g. ich mache, ich machte) and compound verb forms that use an auxiliary verb (e.g. ich habe gemacht, ich werde machen).
There are 6 tenses in German in total. Two of them are simple: the present simple (Präsens) and the past simple (Präteritum). The other four tenses are compound, i.e. they combine an auxiliary verb and the infinitive or the past participle form of the main verb carrying the meaning. The compound tenses include the future simple (Futur I), the present perfect (Perfekt), the past perfect (Plusquamperfekt) and the future perfect (Futur II).
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Present simple – Präsens
ich
hake
du
hakst
er/sie/es
hakt
wir
haken
ihr
hakt
sie/Sie
haken
Past simple – Präteritum
ich
hakte
du
haktest
er/sie/es
hakte
wir
hakten
ihr
haktet
sie/Sie
hakten
Present perfect – Perfekt
ich
habe gehakt
du
hast gehakt
er/sie/es
hat gehakt
wir
haben gehakt
ihr
habt gehakt
sie/Sie
haben gehakt
Past perfect – Plusquamperfekt
ich
hatte gehakt
du
hattest gehakt
er/sie/es
hatte gehakt
wir
hatten gehakt
ihr
hattet gehakt
sie/Sie
hatten gehakt
Future simple – Futur I
ich
werde haken
du
wirst haken
er/sie/es
wird haken
wir
werden haken
ihr
werdet haken
sie/Sie
werden haken
Future perfect – Futur II
ich
werde gehakt haben
du
wirst gehakt haben
er/sie/es
wird gehakt haben
wir
werden gehakt haben
ihr
werdet gehakt haben
sie/Sie
werden gehakt haben
Subjunctive of verb of the regular verb [haken]
The subjunctive (from the late Latin modus coniunctivus, translated as a form of sentence structure, derived from the Latin verb coniungere – to join).
The subjunctive is a special verb form that usually expresses that the action is conditional or hypothetical.
It expresses possible, probable, hypothetical, desired, dreaded or necessary actions (thus indicating the speaker’s attitude toward the action). It is a form used to express something imagined that may never happen. In particular, it marks the utterance as subjective, doubtful or uncertain.
In German, there is the subjunctive I and the subjunctive II.
The subjunctive I includes the present subjunctive (e.g. er sei, er habe), the future subjunctive and the perfect subjunctive.
The subjunctive I usually expresses someone else’s opinion, often unlikely from the speaker’s point of view (present indicative: Er sagt, dass niemand zu Hause ist. – He says that no one is at home. X present subjunctive: Er sagt, dass niemand zu Hause sei. – He says that (supposedly) no one is at home.).
The subjunctive II includes the past subjunctive (er wäre, er hätte) and the past perfect subjunctive.
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Subjunctive I: Present – Konjunktiv I
ich
hake
du
hakest
er/sie/es
hake
wir
haken
ihr
haket
sie/Sie
haken
Subjunctive I: Present perfect – Konjunktiv I
ich
habe gehakt
du
habest gehakt
er/sie/es
habe gehakt
wir
haben gehakt
ihr
habet gehakt
sie/Sie
haben gehakt
Subjunctive I: Future simple – Konjunktiv I: Futur I
ich
werde haken
du
werdest haken
er/sie/es
werde haken
wir
werden haken
ihr
werdet haken
sie/Sie
werden haken
Subjunctive I: Future perfect - Konjuktiv I: Futur II
ich
werde gehakt haben
du
werdest gehakt haben
er/sie/es
werde gehakt haben
wir
werden gehakt haben
ihr
werdet gehakt haben
sie/Sie
werden gehakt haben
Subjunctive II: Past simple – Konjunktiv II: Präteritum
ich
hakte
du
haktest
er/sie/es
hakte
wir
hakten
ihr
haktet
sie/Sie
hakten
Subjunctive II: Past perfect – Konjunktiv II: Plusquamperfekt
ich
hätte gehakt
du
hättest gehakt
er/sie/es
hätte gehakt
wir
hätten gehakt
ihr
hättet gehakt
sie/Sie
hätten gehakt
Subjunctive II: Future simple – Konjunktiv II: Futur I
ich
würde haken
du
würdest haken
er/sie/es
würde haken
wir
würden haken
ihr
würdet haken
sie/Sie
würden haken
Subjunctive II: Future perfect – Konjunktiv II: Futur II
ich
würde gehakt haben
du
würdest gehakt haben
er/sie/es
würde gehakt haben
wir
würden gehakt haben
ihr
würdet gehakt haben
sie/Sie
würden gehakt haben
Imperativ verb ofof the regular verb [haken]
The imperative (from the Latin imperativus) is a verb form that expresses a command, request or prohibition. In many cases, the use of the imperative can come across as rude and impolite. Therefore, a command is often expressed in a more polite way, using other grammatical means.
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Imperative – Imperativ
du
hake; hak
ihr
hakt
Participle forms of verb of the regular verb [haken]
The participle form (from the Latin participare – ‘to take part’) is an indefinite form of a verb that can also be used in a number of ways:
to form compound verb tenses;
to form the passive voice;
as an adjective;
as an alternative to subordinate clauses (sentence condensers);
and others.
Participles can also be used as adjectives (participial adjectives), e.g. gekauft – gekauft(-e), verpasst – verpasst(-e), vergangen – vergangen(-e), as well as nouns (verbal nouns), e.g. griff – der Griff.